If there is an accident nearby or a gun shot, you notice that immediately. The tell tell signs would be a croud for an accident and sound for a gun shot. This can also be applied for a person in a bike. No problem there, he could notice something is happening and could react to it. However, if we scale this situtation to such extent that you cannot see things any more. At an altitute of 33k feets, you will never know what is happening on the ground. Maybe there is a Zombie apoclips, a Volcanic erruption, a bombing. To inform the Pilots (Airmen) about the real time Hazards that are not always forecasted or foreseen a system of communication was developed called NOTAM- Notice to Airmen. And the natural hazards generally fall under SNOWTAM. A NOTAM warns pilot of potential hazards along a flight route or at a location that could affect the safety of the flight. NOTAM is called the Alphabet Vomit, because at first glance it looks chaotic. However complex it may be, they are really import
ACARS This is a neat way used to bypass the intentional or unintentional human error on reporting flight information during or after flight . Before 1978 AD, this information was given via, voice logs, where captain verbally records the phase of flight and time. This brought human error in the data reporting and was extra work to the pilots. What ACARS does is acts as a reporting machine which reports flight information in different phases of flight to the Ground team. Initially ARINC developed this method for just 4 messages per flight, but now it has turned into a robust means of data link between not just aircraft and ground station but also between aircraft. ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) is a data communications system used for air-ground communication between an aircraft and their own operations centers, air traffic control, and national aviation authorities. ACARS can be used anywhere in the world by connecting to a global network of VHF /